Another one for AS Biology, by request...
A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule such as Glucose, Fructose and Galactose. These bind together via glycosidic bonds to form disaccharides and water in a condensation reaction. To separate them again water needs to be added and a hydrolysis reaction takes place.
Glucose and Glucose create Maltose.
Glucose and Galactose create Lactose.
Glucose and Fructose create Sucrose.
The two Glucose molecules in Maltose are joined by a 1-4 glycosidic bond. This is because the Carbon's that form the bond bind to the Oxygen on Carbon 1 and Carbon 4. When there are branches in the structure they are linked by a 1-6 glycosidic bond as well as 1-4 glycosidic bonds, illustrated in this image (http://tinyurl.com/7qfy8zd).
The main structures (tested at AS level) are Amylose, Amylopectin and Glycogen. Amylose and Amylopectin are used to store energy in plants and Glycogen is an energy store in humans (broken down in respiration for ATP).
-Amylose (starch store) is a spiral structure with 1-4 bonds only and is not branched.
-Amylopectin (starch store) has more branches than Amylose as it has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.
-Glycogen has a lot more branches than Amylopectin and is used in humans due to the number of branches speed at which it can be hydrolysed, as humans need a higher energy rate than plants.
All three molecules are insoluble so have no osmotic effect on the cells, and are polysaccarides (many saccharides).
A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule such as Glucose, Fructose and Galactose. These bind together via glycosidic bonds to form disaccharides and water in a condensation reaction. To separate them again water needs to be added and a hydrolysis reaction takes place.
Glucose and Glucose create Maltose.
Glucose and Galactose create Lactose.
Glucose and Fructose create Sucrose.
The two Glucose molecules in Maltose are joined by a 1-4 glycosidic bond. This is because the Carbon's that form the bond bind to the Oxygen on Carbon 1 and Carbon 4. When there are branches in the structure they are linked by a 1-6 glycosidic bond as well as 1-4 glycosidic bonds, illustrated in this image (http://tinyurl.com/7qfy8zd).
The main structures (tested at AS level) are Amylose, Amylopectin and Glycogen. Amylose and Amylopectin are used to store energy in plants and Glycogen is an energy store in humans (broken down in respiration for ATP).
-Amylose (starch store) is a spiral structure with 1-4 bonds only and is not branched.
-Amylopectin (starch store) has more branches than Amylose as it has 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds.
-Glycogen has a lot more branches than Amylopectin and is used in humans due to the number of branches speed at which it can be hydrolysed, as humans need a higher energy rate than plants.
All three molecules are insoluble so have no osmotic effect on the cells, and are polysaccarides (many saccharides).
Have you got glucose and lactose the wrong way round????
ReplyDeleteThank you anonymous!! you are indeed correct, a rookie error!
ReplyDelete